Sunday, August 11, 2024

Quantum Artificial Intelligence: The Good, The Bad, & The Ugly

 


I remember back in my college days at Purdue, I was absolutely terrified of computers.  I never wanted to take a class that them as part of the curriculum.  But being an Ag Econ major, I had no choice but to face my fears of computers, because while I loved the subject matter, technology was a big part of the major. My first major test of computers occurred when I took a class called “CS 110”.  This was simply an introductory class in computers, but there was a lot of work involved.

Probably the most terrifying part of the class for me was sitting through the actual lab final, where we only had something like two hours to complete it.  But somehow, I managed to get a “B” in the class, and boy, I was happy with that.

My next experiences with computers took place in my graduate school days at both SIUC and BGSU.  For the former, I had to learn (the very hard way) how to do mainframe SAS programming.  With the latter, I actually ended becoming an MIS major, and even worked full time as a computer consultant for the university.  Back then, I was dealing with the Mac Classics.

But fast forward to today, and look where we are at.  We can spin up a Virtual Machine in just a matter of minutes, at just a fraction of the cost it would have been back in the late 90s and early 2000s.  Probably the best example I give of this is setting up an Oracle Enterprise Database. 

Back in the day, it would have cost at least $30,000 to set up an On Prem Server (most of this was in the licensing costs).  Now, you can create the exact same thing in Microsoft Azure for as little as $80.00 per month.

So, what does the future now hold?  It is an area known as “Quantum Computing”.  Wondering what it is?  Well, here is a technical definition of it:

“Quantum computing is an emergent field of cutting-edge computer science harnessing the unique qualities of quantum mechanics to solve problems beyond the ability of even the most powerful classical computers.”

(SOURCE:  https://www.ibm.com/topics/quantum-computing)

Given its sheer power and speed, Quantum Computing has a number of key use cases, which are as follows:

*Analyzing financial portfolios of all kinds of clients, no matter how small or large they may be.

*Improving and optimizing the lifespan of Electrical Vehicle (EV) batteries.

*Further enhancing the drug research and discovery process (for example, Generative AI has already propelled this, but Quantum Computing is expected to take it beyond leaps and bounds).

*Creating new GPU and NPU chips for Generative AI based applications.

Capgemini just published a report on the state of Quantum Computing, and you can access it at this link:

http://cyberresources.solutions/blogs/Quantum_Computing.pdf

But another area where Quantum Computing will make a huge mark as well is in Generative AI.  Technically, this is a field of Artificial Intelligence which is known as “Quantum AI”, or also commonly referred to as “QAI”.  Right now, we marvel at how quick the GPT4 algorithms can deliver an output in just a matter of a few minutes by using ChatGPT.  But, the algorithms that will derived from QAI will deliver that very same output in just a matter of seconds.  The reason for this is that Quantum Computing relies heavily on massive parallel processing. 

This simply means that many processes are run at the same time in order to compute very complex calculations in just a fraction of the time it would take the computers of today to do.  The other bit of good news here is that since the QAI algorithms will be far more efficient, it will demand less energy from the data centers in which they are hosted in.  Right now, cooling and using fresh water for that is a huge issue in this kind of environment.

But, now come the downsides of QAI.  Probably the biggest one here is that of the Cyberattacker manipulating the algorithms in order to break the strong levels of Encryption that exist today. 

To paint how bleak this picture is, it is even expected that with the next five years or so, the Cyberattacker will have the ability to break all of these Encryption Protocols.  More details on this can be seen at the link below:

https://www.csoonline.com/article/651125/emerging-cyber-threats-in-2023-from-ai-to-quantum-to-data-poisoning.html

People in fact have given serious thought to this, especially by our own Federal Government.  For instance, back in 2022, Congress passed what is known as the “Quantum Computing Cybersecurity Preparedness Act.” 

This ensures that all of the related agencies have developed and are testing their Incident Response/Disaster Recovery/Business Continuity plans should a breach actually occur.  More details about this can be seen at the link below:

https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/7535

Also, the National Security Agency (NSA), Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have created a document known as the Quantum Readiness: Migration to Post-Quantum Cryptography.”  This was a joint effort in order to address the Cybersecurity risks that are associated with QAI.  It can be downloaded from this link:

http://cyberresources.solutions/blogs/CSI-QUANTUM-READINESS.pdf

My Thoughts On This

Whether we like it or  not, QAI will make its grand entrance into our society in a way that ChatGPT did a few years ago.  But, this time, there is a lot more at stake, given just how powerful Quantum Computing is.  It will impact every walk of life all over the world. 

But we have one key advantage here:  At the present time, we are more or less learning about the risks that Generative AI poses (and those that are evolving, but have not been discovered yet), and we can apply those lessons learned to QAI. 

But the key thing here is that we all mut be proactive about this.  QAI will be here a lot quicker than we realize.  For more details on what this means to you, Capgemini also published a supplemental report, and it can be downloaded here:

http://cyberresources.solutions/blogs/Quantum_Computing_Supplement.pdf

Also, CISOs and their IT Security teams must address at what levels they use Encryption.  They will of course need to be trained in QAI, and many of the Encryption Infrastructures (most notably that of the Public Key Infrastructure) will have to be redesigned and even redeployed in order to keep up with Cybersecurity risks that QAI will bring to the table. 

In the end, this will be known as “Crypto Resiliency”, just like what Cyber Resiliency means to us today.

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