Saturday, January 28, 2023

The Birth Of The EV Charging Industry & The Cyber Threats It Brings

 


It seems that electrical cars are going to become the wave of the future.  Personally, I don’t have one, and I don’t ever plan to have one, as long as my long and trusted Honda Civic 03 keeps on running like it has been. 

But, it seems like that the worldwide adoption for Electrical Vehicles (EVs) is only going to continue to grow at a very strong clip here in the coming years.

While EVs are deemed to be very ecofriendly and green, the batteries in these cars have to be charged, or replenished, like how normal cars would be at the gas station.  But rather than filling in the usual unleaded 87 into your car, you will be literally charging the battery of your car. 

There are numerous stations like these that are propping up in the United States, especially in the larger cities, like here in Chicago.  In fact, my own apartment building will soon be offering EV charging stations for their own residences.

So with all of this, this will give birth to an entirely new industry:  The EV Charging Infrastructure.  But this won’t be something that will exist all by itself, rather, it will be connected into the national power grid in order to keep up with a fresh charge supply. 

While this could bring in more jobs, and even be good news for our economy, it also poses one serious threat:  Cyber-attacks.  This gives an extra avenue for the hacker to make their grand entry into one of our nation’s Critical Infrastructure.

Because of this, it is the EV charger that is now most at risk.  In fact, one ethical Pen Tester even simulated and wrote a detailed article about how an EV charger can literally be heisted by a Cyberattacker.  More information about this can be seen at the link below:

https://www.pentestpartners.com/security-blog/smart-car-chargers-plug-n-play-for-hackers/

It is important to keep in mind that there are many other components that go along with the EV charging station, and this increased amount of interconnectivity only expands the attack surface to a much greater degree.  So, you may be asking at this point, what are some of the Cyber risks that are involved here?  Well, here is a sampling of them:

*A mass disruption in the availability of charging stations;

*Deploying bots at these stations in order to launch massive DDoS attacks;

*The heisting of PII datasets;

*Credit card hijacking as customers pay to use the charging stations for a certain amount of time;

*Mass disruptions to the national power grid, with far more severe cascading effects;

*On a more qualitative front, if any Cyberattacks do happen, the brand and reputational loss will be far too severe for the charging station to handle.

One of the other main security issues here as well is the cascading effect that a bi directional connection can bring.  Keep in mind that the EV charger is like the IoT, in that it is connected to many other things.  Here is an example of this situation:

“When an EV plugs in to a networked charger, a cascade of bidirectional communications between multiple computers ensues — between the vehicle and the charger, the charger and the driver's mobile app, the charger and the grid, the charger and the back-end management system, the management system and a payment gateway, and the management system and the charge-point operator.”

(SOURCE:  https://www.darkreading.com/attacks-breaches/security-and-the-electric-vehicle-charging-infrastructure)

One way to keep the EV Charging stations at a lower risk from a Cyberattack is to have them follow a strict set of compliance rules and regulations which include the following:

*The Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP):

This is a set of best practices which oversees the flow of communications between the EV charger the management system (and vice versa).

*The ISO 27001:

This addresses all of the controls that are required for any company, and even can fit to the security requirements of an EV Charging station.

*The ISO 15118.20:

This is another framework that was launched in 2022 to increase the security for bi directional communications between the EV Charger and the actual EV, and vice versa.  It deals with issuing a series of security certificates authenticating the credit card, the credit card holder, as well as even sending unused charge back to the national power gird in a secure manner.

The other security concern deals with the EV Charging Infrastructure.  Many Cyber pundits believe that a national system should be put into the Cloud, as the AWS or Microsoft Azure.  Here the principles of Asymmetric Key Cryptography would be strictly observed and enforced by the security tools which are offered by these Cloud providers. 

Of course, there is then the need to be compliant with all of the data privacy laws, primarily those of the GDPR and the CCPA.  All of the EV Charging stations would have to be responsible for maintain their own levels of compliance, which of course will be an added expense. 

Since credit cards will be the primary means of payment, all of these charging stations will have to abide by the tenets and principles of the PCI – DSS standards as well.

Finally, since the EV Charging stations will be connected to many other points of origination and termination, Endpoint Security will also be a key issue, but the major Cloud providers have the tools in place to address that as well for you.

My Thoughts On This:

It’s only obvious that the digital world that we live in today is only going to be more complex down the road with all of this interconnectivity.  I truly yearn for the days when life was simpler and not so digital. 

The EV Charging infrastructure is still in its infancy, and will probably grow like a beast as the demand for EVs really starts to pick up.  Thus, now is the time to address and remediate any security issues before it gets too far out of hand.

Will I ever buy an EV?  Probably not.  Even in the coldest days here in Chicago, my good ‘ole Honda started up fine.  Can’t say the same of an EV.

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